INTRODUCTION The notion and development of the concept of job satisfaction There is no universally accepted definition of job satisfaction, due to the fact that, under the influence of different factors, in different persons, personal characteristics, needs, values, feelings, expectations, and...

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, both in developed and developing countries of the world. Globally, every year, 17.9 million people die due to this type of pathology [1]. The main cause of life years lost, both globally and in every...

INTRODUCTION Primary health care (PHC), as the “cornerstone of a sustainable health system“ [1], is essential for the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary health care was expected, not only to meet the ‘usual’ needs in health care, but also to respond to the crisis situation, as well as to...

INTRODUCTION Communicable diseases, caused by a specific causative agent, occur as the result of the transmission of the agent or its toxic products from an infected person or other reservoir to a susceptible host, either directly or indirectly, through contaminated food, water, objects in...

INTRODUCTION Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common viruses associated with cancers (as many as 690,000 new cases in 2018) [1]. There are more than 200 types of HPV, and they are divided into low and high oncogenic risk types [2,3]. The most important types of HPV with low...

INTRODUCTION The system of diagnosis related groups (DRG) is a modern system for classifying patients treated in hospital (inpatients) into groups which describe different combinations of cases in patients – casemix. This system is being used all over the world with the aim of improving...

INTRODUCTION Health experts worldwide have been drawing attention to the existing global epidemic of tobacco use in the form of cigarette and pipe smoking, tobacco chewing and sniffing, or passive smoking, i.e., passive smoke inhalation. Smoking cigarettes, although a socially acceptable...

INTRODUCTION Reduced productivity at work and sickness absence are considerable threats to sustainable employability. They are associated with substantial costs for employers and society, mainly due to social benefits [1,2,3]. It is widely recognized that both the prevalence and duration of...

INTRODUCTION The evaluations of the health care reforms conducted across Europe, in the period after the 1980s and the 1990s, have highlighted the complexity of reform processes, the achievements, and the challenges which countries have faced during the implementation of reforms [1,2,3]. The...

INTRODUCTION The vaccine is one of the oldest discoveries in medicine, and the vaccination process itself is one of the most useful inventions that medicine has given to mankind. Since its introduction, in the 18th century, until today, numerous benefits of vaccination have been documented and...

MORTALITY OF HEALTH WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC Today, there is enough evidence that the COVID-19 pandemic most severely affects countries with socially specific contexts [1,2], and in them, marginalized citizens, population groups with the least economic resources available, as well as...

INTRODUCTION Non-medical prescription drug use (NMPDU), especially of anti-anxiety medications is a growing problem worldwide [1]. NMPDU is most commonly defined as the use of prescription medication in any way other than instructed by a physician, including the use of medication without having...

INTRODUCTION In the healthcare system, the providers of primary healthcare services have the role of ‘gatekeepers’, which primarily applies to general practitioners (GPs), pediatricians, gynecologists, and dentists, and each analysis of their work in relation to the needs expressed by the...

INTRODUCTION Public health Although the principles and practices of public health have been acknowledged and utilized for centuries, the origin of the discipline traces back to the end of the 19th century and the era of the industrial revolution. Following the initial phase related to the...

INTRODUCTION Unmet needs of patients for health care are defined as ‘the difference between health services that are considered necessary for a particular health problem and services that are received’ [1]. Unmet dental health care needs can be an indicator of equity of access to dental health...

INTRODUCTION Guided by the importance of breastfeeding for the longevity and health of newborns and infants, the World Health Organization (WHO) adopted an internationally agreed upon Code of Ethics (International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes) which explains to the public, health...