Hematology - Serbian Journal of the Medical Chamber
INTRODUCTION
Multicyclic and permanent cytopoiesis is the process of cell development or expansion of a large number of progenitors and precursors, as well as mature cells, from a small number of undifferentiated (immature) stem cells (SCs), in vivo or ex vivo [1,2,3]. Generally, SCs guarantee...
INTRODUCTION
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) accounts for approximately 95% of all HL cases. The remaining 5% are patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma, a histological subtype with significantly different treatment and prognosis. Within the most recent classification of...
INTRODUCTION
Acquired hemophilia is a rare condition of impaired coagulation with a yearly incidence of around 0.2 to 1 case per 1,000,000 population. The cause of the disease is the presence of antibodies to an essential blood-clotting protein, the so-called factor VIII (F VIII), also known as...
INTRODUCTION
Perioperative bleeding management is a complex task which has significant impact on surgery outcome. For anesthesiologists, surgeons, transfusiologists, hematologists, but also for doctors of other specialties, monitoring coagulation factors and hemostasis is one of the most...
INTRODUCTION
Anemia remains a major global health problem, although a significant downward trend has been observed in recent years, thanks to preventive measures. Based on the analysis conducted in 2019, in 204 countries worldwide, it has been estimated that 1.8 billion people have anemia, with...
INTRODUCTION
Bacterial infections (BI) in immunosuppressed patients, which includes patients in the allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation program (allo-HSCT), represent frequent and potentially life-threatening treatment complications. Infections are generally the most common cause...
INTRODUCTION
BK polyomavirus is a double-stranded DNA virus from the Polyomaviridae family. Based on the DNA sequences, the virus can be classified into six genotypes. The most frequent genotype is type I (80%), followed by type IV (15%) [1]. The virus is ubiquitous, and it is believed that, in...
INTRODUCTION
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent cardiac rhythm disturbance in clinical practice and is most commonly associated with coronary disease and hypertension. It is known, from relevant literature, that several classes of drugs (sympathomimetics, parasympathomimetics, and...
INTRODUCTION
Erythrocytosis represents elevated hemoglobin and hematocrit levels above the range of normal values. The regulation of erythropoiesis is a complex process which includes bone marrow sensitivity to oxygen and erythropoietin (EPO). The indicators of erythrocytosis are the...
INTRODUCTION
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) represents a rare and frequently underrecognized type of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), characterized by intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria. A specific etiological factor has not been determined yet. The pathogenesis of the disease...
INTRODUCTION
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignant disease of the hematopoietic system characterized by clonal proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid precursors, i.e. blasts [1]. As a result of the accumulation of immature cells, normal hematopoietic cells are suppressed...
INTRODUCTION
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the malignant transformation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues [1].
The incidence of ALL in Europe is 1.28 per 100.000 individuals...
INTRODUCTION
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus, is primarily a respiratory disease, with possible systemic effects. First identified in Wuhan City, in December 2019, in the ensuing months the disease spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by the World Health...
INTRODUCTION
Disruption in the immune system regulation and abnormal production of autoantibodies can cause many autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies directed against specific antigens are usually associated with a typical clinical presentation such as the rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid...
INTRODUCTION
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant disease of hematopoietic tissue that results from the proliferation and accumulation of clones, small, seeminlgy mature, immunologically altered lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and other...
INTRODUCTION
The cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus, whose name stems from the enlargement of the infected cells, i.e., they are cytomegalic.
The prevalence of CMV seropositivity varies in the world from 60% do 100%. Primary infection usually occurs in early childhood, and in...
In a matter of a little more than two decades, we have witnessed a tremendous change in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Building on the well-established regimen of oral melphalan and prednisolone the InterGroup Francophone du Myelome improved the outcomes of young and fit myeloma patients that...
INTRODUCTION
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is an acquired clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells with abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells. PMF is a Bcr-Abl (Breakpoint cluster region protein-Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase, Eng.) negative myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) [1,2]. It is...
INTRODUCTION
Acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are a heterogenous group of malignant diseases of the blood characterized by clonal expansion of myeloblasts in the bone marrow (≥20%), in peripheral blood, and/or in other tissues [1]. AML is a rare disease and accounts for 1.1% of all malignant...
INTRODUCTION
Medications are a frequent cause of thrombocytopenia, particularly among hospitalized patients. Thrombocytopenia has been associated with the use of over 300 different medications, a list of which is available at “Platelets on the web” (https://www.ouhsc.edu/ platelets/ditp.html)...
INTRODUCTION
Thrombophilia is a hereditary or acquired disorder of hemostasis which predisposes or increases the risk of thrombosis or recurrent thrombosis [1,2]. There are two types of hereditary thrombophilia. The first category is characterized by a lack of coagulation inhibitors (i.e.,...
INTRODUCTION
Ferroptosis, first mentioned in a study by Dixon et al. in 2012, is a non-apoptotic, non-necrotic, and non-autophagic form of cell death [1]. In 2003, Dolma et al. discovered that erastin can cause a new type of cell death, upon which Yagoda and Yang reported that iron chelators...
INTRODUCTION
Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia is one of the most common side effects of treatment and is often complicated by febrile neutropenia (FN). Neutropenia occurs in almost a fifth of hematological patients, except for patients who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, among...
INTRODUCTION
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors represent an optimal therapeutic option in the first or second line of treatment for metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. These drugs are administered...
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been a cornerstone in preventing and treating venous thromboembolism (VTE) for over half a century. However, their use also has numerous difficulties, such as a delayed onset/ offset of action, individual dosage variability, numerous drug and...
INTRODUCTION
Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a chronic malignant lymphoproliferative disease with a bimodal distribution of occurrence in the third decade of life as well as in the sixth decade [1]. Considering that the first peak also includes women in the reproductive period, the literature incidence of...
INTRODUCTION
At the end of 2019, a new virus called SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the cause of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan, China, and in March 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic and named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 [1]. According to WHO criteria from...
INTRODUCTION
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the replacement and repopulation of the hematopoietic tissue of the recipient with the hematopoietic tissue of another person, who may be related to the recipient or is found through a search in the donor registry....
INTRODUCTION
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) represents the standard approach to the treatment of hematological malignancies. The main indications for AHSCT are multiple myeloma and lymphoma. As of late, this approach has shown a growing potential in the treatment of...
INTRODUCTION
With the emergence of improved chemotherapeutic regimens, and the possibility of allogenic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), as well as with new biologic targeted therapies, the outcome for many serious hematological diseases is constantly improving [1]. However, invasive fungal...
INTRODUCTION
Thromboembolic disorders such as atrial fibrillation-related stroke, venous thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism remain major contributors to global morbidity and mortality, making anticoagulant therapy essential in modern clinical practice [1,2,3]. While these agents are highly...
INTRODUCTION
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a persistent presence of increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood, which is associated with the development of thromboembolic complications or pregnancy-related complications [1]....
INTRODUCTION
Lymphomas are malignant diseases of lymphocytes and their progenitors and, depending on their origin, may arise from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or NK lymphocytes. Histologically, they are divided into two major groups: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and, according to their...
INTRODUCTION
D-dimer molecules are formed as the result of the degradation of fibrin polymers. In everyday practice, D-dimer serves as a marker of the activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems [1,2]. Indications for D-dimer testing, such as exclusion of venous thromboembolism,...
INTRODUCTION
Light chain deposition disease, according to the 5th revision of the classification of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue diseases of the World Health Organization, belongs, as the most common entity, to the group of monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases, which also includes...
INTRODUCTION
Central nervous system involvement in multiple myeloma (CNS-MM) is a very rare entity with an incidence lower than 1% of all extramedullary multiple myeloma [1]. Over the past decade, an increase in the incidence of this entity was observed, primarily due to the improvement of...
INTRODUCTION
Younger patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) represent a special subpopulation of patients whose number is gradually increasing [1]. The median age at diagnosis for classic BCR-ABL1-negative MPNs, which include polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and...
INTRODUCTION
Multiple myeloma accounts for about 1% of all malignant neoplasms. Its incidence increases with age and reaches its maximum in people in their sixties [1,2,3,4]. It is the second most common hematological malignancy after lymphoma, accounting for 10% of the total number of patients...
INTRODUCTION
Acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous group of clonal neoplastic diseases of hematopoietic cells. The use of intensive chemotherapy, with or without the use of small molecule inhibitors or immunotherapy, leads to a high percentage of...
INTRODUCTION
Acute leukemias (AL) are malignant clonal diseases of the hematopoietic stem cell, occurring due to anomaly in the stem cell genome, and resulting in uncontrolled proliferation and infiltration of different tissues [1].
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by pathological...
INTRODUCTION
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous clonal malignant disease of the hematopoietic tissue wherein immature hematopoietic cells proliferate and accumulate in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues [1].
AML is a rare malignant disease of hematopoietic...
INTRODUCTION
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous malignant disease which is characterized by clonal proliferation of a precursor cell of the myeloid lineage. The accumulation of immature cells – blasts, leads to progressive insufficiency of bone marrow and the infiltration of the...
INTRODUCTION
During exercise, blood flow and perfusion in working muscle increase as a function of exercise intensity, enabling increased delivery of oxygen and energy substrates and removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic products. This increase in physiological demands may modulate whole blood...
INTRODUCTION
Splenectomy is one of the oldest forms of treatment for patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) [1]. The first splenectomy in a patient with ITP was performed in 1913, and all through to the 1950s it was the only effective therapeutic modality [1]. With the advent of...
INTRODUCTION
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the replacement and repopulation of the hematopoietic tissue of the recipient with the hematopoietic tissue of another person, who may be related to the recipient or is found through a search in the donor registry. It...
INTRODUCTION
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease belonging to the group of monoclonal gammopathies originating in the bone marrow. It is characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of tumorous B-lymphocytes – plasma cells, which produce pathologically altered immunoglobulins...
INTRODUCTION
Over the past two years, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has led to the infection of millions of people all over the world, and, according to data from November 2021, it has also led to more than five...
INTRODUCTION
Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are a group of diseases characterized by disseminated intravascular thrombosis, thrombocytopenia and ischemic organ damage. This group includes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) [1].
Thrombotic...
INTRODUCTION
Primary myelofibrosis (PMF) is a clonal disorder of hematopoietic stem cells, marked by specific genetic mutations and pathophysiological changes that disrupt the normal maturation of megakaryocyte and granulocyte lineage cells in the bone marrow [1,2].
All Philadelphia-negative...
